一，尿常规



二，血常规




三，其他检查


五，生化检测 

检验项目                       英文缩写                                 正常值范围                                           临床意义

谷丙转氨酶/                  SGPT/ALT                                     0-40U/L                                 ①显著增高见于各种肝炎急性期药
丙氨酸氨基转移酶                                                                                                                  物引起的肝病肝细胞坏死。
                                                                                                                                                ②中度增高，肝癌、肝硬化、慢性
                                                                                                                                                     肝炎及心梗。
                                                                                                                                                ③轻度增高胆道阻塞性疾病。
总胆红质素                  T-BIL                                       0～18.8umo1/L                             总胆红素增高，如肝细胞损害、肝
                                                                                                                                                内和肝外胆道阻塞、溶血病、新生
                                                                                                                                                儿溶血性黄疸。
直接胆红素                   D-BIL                                      0～6.84umo1/L                                     参考总胆红素
总蛋白                           TP                                             60～80g/L                                    血清总蛋白增加
                                                                                                                                              ①脱水如水份摄入不足下痢呕吐糖尿
                                                                                                                                                  病酸中毒，肠梗阻或穿孔，灼伤，
                                                                                                                                                 外伤性休克，急性传染病等。
                                                                                                                                              ②多发性骨髓瘤单核细胞性白血病
                                                                                                                                              ③结核，梅毒，血液原虫病等。
                                                                                                                                              血清总蛋白降低
                                                                                                                                              ①出血、溃疡、蛋白尿等
                                                                                                                                              ②营养失调、低蛋白饮食、维生素缺
                                                                                                                                                  乏症、恶性肿瘤、恶生贫血、糖尿
                                                                                                                                                  病、妊娠毒血症等。
血清白蛋白               ALB                                          35.0～55.0g/L                               与血清总蛋白测定基本相同
碱性磷酸酶               ALP                                          成人20-110U/L                             增高见于
                                                                                      儿童20-220U/L                             ①骨髓疾患②肝胆疾患
                                                                                                                                             ③其它甲亢甲状腺腺瘤、甲旁亢。
γ-谷氨酰基转移酶   GGT                                        （γ-GT）<50U/L                           ①明显增高：肝癌、阻塞性黄疸、晚
                                                                                                                                                 期性肝硬化、胰头癌
                                                                                                                                             ②轻中度增高：传染性肝炎、肝硬
                                                                                                                                                 化、胰腺炎
                                                                                                                                             ③酗酒，药物等所致
胆固醇                      CHO                                         0～5.18mmo1/L                             ①用于高脂蛋白血症与异常脂常脂蛋
                                                                                                                                                 白血症的诊断、分析。
                                                                                                                                            ②用于脑血管疾病危险因素的判断。
甘油三脂                   TG                                           0～1.6pmmo1/L                             增高见于遗传因素，饮食因素，糖尿
                                                                                                                                            病、肾病综合症及甲状腺功能减退、
                                                                                                                                            妊娠、口服避孕药、酗酒等。
                                                                                                                                            降低（低于人群的5%位数）无重要临
                                                                                                                                            床意义。过低见于消化吸收不良、慢
                                                                                                                                            性消耗性疾病、甲亢、肾上腺皮质功
                                                                                                                                            能低下、肝实质性病变、原发性β-脂
                                                                                                                                            蛋白缺乏症。
高密度脂蛋白        HDL-C                                  1.16-1.55mmo1/L                               降低：冠心病、高甘油三酯血症患
                                                                                                                                            者、肝硬化、糖尿病、慢性肾功能不
                                                                                                                                            全、营养不良。
                                                                                                                                           升高：慢性肝病、慢性中毒性疾病、
                                                                                                                                           遗传性高HDL血症。
低密度脂蛋白       LDL-C                                  2.84～3.10mmol/L                              增高见于动脉粥样硬化
淀粉酶                   AML                                     血清0-220U/L                                     增多见于急性胰腺炎，流行性腮腺炎
                                                                              尿<1000U/L                                        减低见于严重肝病
                                                                                                                                          （血清尿淀粉酶同时降低）
二氧化碳结合率   CO2-Cp                               45.0～65.0ml%                                  降低见于代谢性酸中毒或呼吸性碱中
                                                                                                                                         毒的代偿增多，代谢性碱中毒和呼吸性
                                                                                                                                          酸中毒的代偿。

六， 乙肝“两对半”：
HBsAg、HBsAb 、HBeAg、HBeAb、HBcAb。下列各种"组合"的阳性，其意义如下：
①HBsAg、 HBeAg、抗 HBc（1 、3、5）阳性：急性或慢性乙肝，俗称 "大三阳" 。
② HBsAg、抗HBe 、抗HBc（1、4、5）阳性：急性乙肝趋向恢复、无症状乙肝病毒携带者，俗称 "小三阳 "。
③ HBsAg、抗 HBc（1、5）阳性：无症状乙肝病毒携带、急性 HBV感染。
④抗 HBs、抗HBe 、抗HBc（2、4、5）阳性：表示感染后恢复，已获得免疫力。
⑤ 抗HBe、抗 HBc（4、5）阳性：有既往感染史、急性乙肝感染恢复期。
⑥抗 HBs（2）阳性：被动或主动免疫，对乙肝病毒有免疫力。
⑦ 抗HBc（5）阳性：急性乙肝病毒感染核心窗口期（尚未发病但可传染）。